A bit of googling suggested that sometimes the chip in the key could fail, but unfortunately I didn't have the spare with me to try another one.
I went back out to it about an hour later, annoyingly after it was too late to get where I was originally going, and it then started accepting the key and would start as normal.
My initial thought was maybe the key was failing, based on what I had found from googling, so went to fetch the spare key. So the car started again, and also further times once I had picked up the key and after stopping for diesel on the way home. When I got back last night it was still accepting the remote key that I normally use, and also the spare (non remote) key.
This lunch time I again went to go out somewhere and it was again refusing to accept the key, popping up the warning message on the display; the same with the spare key as well. So it's starting to look like the problem is the car rather than the keys, I think.
As was the case yesterday, I went back out half an hour to an hour later and it all seemed fine again.
I've plugged in Lexia, even though at that point it was accepting both the keys, and I can see 4 occurrences of the following fault:
Fault (FC83) : Transponder aerial
then in the detail it has a slightly different code:
- Family: Top of column
- Fault code: 0C83
- occurrences: 4
- Local/Remote: Local
Anyone else experienced similar, do the transponder aerials often fail or is this more likely some sort of wiring issue

I assume the aerial is in the steering column close to or around the ignition key barrel?
I was hoping that having the spare key would provide a work around, but when the issue happens it seems to affect both, so I'm a bit stuck when it does occur and slightly concerned I'll get stranded at the destination even if it does for once work at the point I need to go somewhere.
In case the systems work differently, it is a 2005 2.0 HDI.
Thanks in advance
Rob