With the likely further discouragement of use/outright banning of the use of HFC refrigerants, could old clean carbon dioxide (aka R744) as a refrigerant, mentioned by bobins, may well come into the reckoning. As I understand it HFC's are already banned for use in supermarket refrigeration.
Well relax if you are planning to buy an Audi E-tron.
Audi Electric SUVs Offer CO2 Heat Pump to Boost Driving Range
https://r744.com/audi-electric-suvs-off ... ing-range/
German automaker Audi, a subsidiary of Volkswagen, has introduced electric vehicles that offer an optional heat pump with CO2 (R744) technology that efficiently heats or cools the interior very quickly, “especially on longer journeys.”
Unveiled on April 14, the vehicles – the Q4 e-tron and Q4 Sportback e-tron – are Audi’s first compact electric SUVs. These are among the first cars – electric or gasoline-powered – to offer CO2-based thermal systems as an alternative to HFO-1234yf.(Tetrafluoropropene)
My Leaf has a Heat Pump, which is more efficient than the earlier Leafs, and has less of an effect on range. No idea what stuff is used in it.
While Tetrafluoropropene isn't exactly the most wholesome stuff , it is currently widely used now in automotive applications. As of 2018, 50% of new vehicles from "original equipment manufacturers" (OEMs) are estimated to use HFO-1234yf. It does break down into persistent organic pollutant short chain PFCAs.
Regards Neil